Xi'an City Wall
The world's largest and best-preserved ancient city fortification
The world's largest and best-preserved ancient city fortification
Total length of the wall
Year construction began
North, South, East, West
Height of the wall
A magnificent military defensive system that has witnessed the rise and fall of dynasties
Hey everyone! The foot of Xi'an City Wall stands in Beilin District of Xi'an which is located in Shaanxi Province China. The City Wall stands as an active historical landmark that continues to be a vital component of the city's energetic spirit.
The Ming Dynasty constructed this wall between 1368 and 1644. This structure stands as one of China's oldest and largest city walls which still maintains its original condition. Xi'an's City Wall stands as one of the few historical structures which have managed to survive the passage of time. The ancient wall runs in a rectangular shape to encircle the historical city area for a total distance of 14 kilometers. Walking along its upper path lets you experience a historical journey through time. The site provides stunning views which combine the traditional charm of Xi'an with its contemporary energy.
The wall distinguishes itself because it has become an integral component of the community's everyday activities. People from Xi'an visit the wall frequently to exercise under its shaded area while appreciating the historical surroundings. World travelers choose to rent bicycles for exploring the wall perimeter while they take in the surrounding attractions. The gatehouses play host to numerous exciting cultural events. The monument stands as an active representation of historical times rather than a lifeless relic of the past. The City Wall of Xi'an functions as an essential living component of our present-day community while remaining active with constant events that unite the community.
From ancient fortifications to modern preservation
The earliest city walls of Xi'an (then called Chang'an) were built during the Zhou Dynasty. These early fortifications were made of rammed earth and established the city as an important political center.
During this golden age, Chang'an became the world's largest city with over one million residents. The city walls were expanded to enclose an area of 84 square kilometers—much larger than today's walls.
The current city wall was built by Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty. He ordered the construction to consolidate his power and protect against potential rebellions. The wall was built using compacted earth and then faced with bricks.
"Build high walls, store abundant food supplies, and take time to be the emperor." — Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang
The wall underwent several renovations during the Qing Dynasty. Additional watchtowers and defensive structures were added, and damaged sections were repaired using traditional techniques.
A major restoration project began to repair and preserve the wall for future generations. This included rebuilding collapsed sections and reinforcing the structure while maintaining historical authenticity.
The Xi'an City Wall was added to China's tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage status, recognizing its outstanding cultural and historical significance.
The Xi'an City Wall stands as one of China's most popular tourist attractions, welcoming millions of visitors each year. It hosts cultural events, including the annual City Wall Marathon, and continues to be a symbol of Xi'an's rich heritage.
Monumental entrances that have welcomed travelers for centuries
The most magnificent of the four gates, featuring a grand gatehouse with traditional Chinese architecture. This is the main entrance for most visitors.
Historically used by the military, this gate features a unique barbican structure designed for additional defense against invaders.
Named "Eternal Joy," this gate offers excellent views of the moat and is close to the bustling shopping districts of modern Xi'an.
Meaning "Peaceful Stability," this gate is closest to the Muslim Quarter and offers a quieter experience away from the main tourist crowds.
Beyond the four main gates, the wall features 98 ramparts (small fortresses projecting from the main wall) and 5,984 crenellations (rectangular battlements) for archers to take cover behind.
View Interactive MapDiscover key points of interest along the 14-kilometer circuit
The main entrance with the most impressive architecture
Features a unique barbican defensive structure
Near modern shopping districts with great moat views
Close to the Muslim Quarter, less crowded
The wall forms a rectangle with a perimeter of 14 kilometers (8.7 miles), standing 12 meters (40 feet) tall and 12-14 meters (40-45 feet) wide at the top.
The most popular way to experience the wall is by bicycle. A complete circuit takes about 1.5-2 hours, offering changing perspectives of both ancient and modern Xi'an.
A 6-meter-deep moat surrounds the entire wall, originally designed for defense but now adding to the scenic beauty with willow trees and lotus flowers in summer.
Five unique ways to explore this ancient marvel
Rent a bicycle and ride the entire 14km circuit, taking in panoramic views of both the ancient city and modern Xi'an. The smooth, wide path on top of the wall makes for an easy and enjoyable ride.
"The best time for cycling is early morning or late afternoon when temperatures are cooler and the light is perfect for photos."
Experience the wall transformed by colorful illuminations that highlight its architectural features. The South Gate area hosts a spectacular light and music show that brings ancient history to life.
"Bring a light jacket even in summer as it can get breezy on the wall after dark."
Early morning (8-10 AM) or late afternoon (4-6 PM) offer the best lighting for photography and fewer crowds. Spring (April-May) and autumn (September-October) provide the most comfortable temperatures.
For a shorter visit, the section between South Gate and East Gate offers the best views and photo opportunities. For a full circuit, start at South Gate and travel clockwise to see the wall transition from tourist-heavy to quieter sections.
The Southeast Corner offers the most dramatic views of both the wall and city. For night photography, the illuminated South Gate is spectacular. Bring a wide-angle lens to capture the wall stretching into the distance.
Australia
"Cycling the entire wall was the highlight of our Xi'an trip! It took us about 2 hours with plenty of stops for photos. The contrast between ancient wall and modern city is fascinating."
United States
"We visited during sunset and the views were incredible. The wall is much wider than I expected, almost like a road. My only tip: bring water as there aren't many vendors on top."
Japan
"The night view from the wall is magical! We took the evening tour and saw the city lights come on. The wall is beautifully illuminated and much less crowded at night."