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Roujiamo

Taste Xi'an

Where 2,000 years of culinary tradition meets the vibrant flavors of the Silk Road

Must-Try Dishes Food Map
Roujiamo Biang Biang Noodles Yangroupaomo Soup Dumplings

A Melting Pot of Flavors

Xi'an's food is unlike anything else in China. As the eastern end of the ancient Silk Road, this city has been absorbing culinary influences from Central Asia and the Middle East for over 2,000 years.

The result? A unique cuisine that blends Chinese cooking techniques with bold spices, wheat-based staples, and a love of lamb and beef that's rare in other parts of China.

From hand-pulled noodles that require years to master to street food that's been perfected over generations, Xi'an's food scene is a journey through history with every bite.

From a Local Food Lover

"Xi'an food isn't just about taste—it's about experience. Watch the noodle masters stretch dough into perfect strands with a rhythmic 'biang biang' sound. See flatbreads stuffed with juicy meat and grilled to perfection. Smell the cumin and chili wafting through the Muslim Quarter. Our food tells the story of our city better than any history book."

— Wang Mei, Xi'an food blogger and tour guide

Wang Mei

10 Must-Try Xi'an Dishes

From world-famous hand-pulled noodles to lesser-known local favorites, these are the dishes that define Xi'an's unique culinary identity

Noodles & Dumplings

Biang Biang Noodles

Biang Biang Noodles

Xi'an's most famous noodle dish features hand-pulled noodles as wide as belts, topped with chili oil, vinegar, garlic, and vegetables. The name "biang" mimics the sound of the dough slapping against the counter as it's being pulled.

Spicy Signature Dish Vegetarian Option

"The character for 'biang' is so complex it's not even in the computer! It has 58 strokes and is probably the most complicated Chinese character."

Liangpi Cold Noodles

Liangpi Cold Noodles

These refreshing rice noodles are served cold with julienned cucumber, bean sprouts, and a tangy sauce made from vinegar, chili oil, and garlic. Perfect for hot summer days, liangpi has a unique chewy texture that's incredibly satisfying.

Refreshing Vegetarian Summer Favorite

"The best liangpi has a perfect balance of sour, spicy, and savory. When it's really hot outside, nothing beats a bowl of these cold noodles."

Paomo Lamb Soup

Paomo Lamb Soup

This unique dish involves tearing flatbread into small pieces with your hands, then having the chef add rich lamb or beef broth, tender meat, and glass noodles. It's hearty, filling, and perfect for cold weather.

Traditional Hearty Winter Favorite

"There's a saying in Xi'an: 'If you haven't eaten paomo, you haven't been to Xi'an.' The fun part is breaking the bread yourself—locals can tell tourists by how they tear it!"

Street Food Favorites

Roujiamo

Roujiamo (Chinese Hamburger)

Often called the "world's oldest hamburger," roujiamo consists of slow-cooked, spiced pork or beef stuffed into a freshly baked flatbread. The meat is stewed for hours with over 20 spices until it falls apart at the touch.

Must Try On-the-Go Local Favorite

"A good roujiamo should be juicy enough to drip down your arm but not so wet that the bread falls apart. The bread should be crispy outside and soft inside."

Chuan'r Skewers

Chuan'r (Spiced Skewers)

These grilled meat skewers are a staple of Xi'an street food, especially in the Muslim Quarter. Lamb is the traditional choice, seasoned with cumin, chili, and other spices, then grilled over charcoal for a smoky flavor.

Spicy Night Market Muslim Quarter

"The smell of cumin-dusted lamb skewers grilling over charcoal is the unofficial scent of Xi'an's night markets. You'll find yourself following your nose to the best stalls."

$0.5-1.5 per skewer Where to try
Soup Dumplings

Soup Dumplings

Delicate steamed dumplings filled with seasoned pork and a rich, hot broth. Xi'an's version has a thicker, chewier skin than Shanghai's, and the broth is intensely savory. A must-try for any dim sum lover.

Delicate Broth-Filled Dim Sum Style

"The secret to eating soup dumplings without burning yourself: nibble a small hole, slurp the broth, then eat the rest. Xi'an's version has a thicker, chewier skin than Shanghai's."

$2-4 per basket Where to try

Soups & Stews

Hulatang Pepper Soup

Hulatang (Pepper Soup)

A thick, peppery soup loaded with beef, glass noodles, tofu skin, and vegetables. This Henan-influenced dish is Xi'an's favorite winter breakfast and is known for its warming, sinus-clearing properties.

Spicy Breakfast Warming

"A bowl of hulatang on a cold Xi'an morning is life-changing. The pepper warms you from the inside out, and the thick, gloopy texture is surprisingly addictive."

Mutton Stew with Bread

Mutton Stew with Bread

A rich, aromatic mutton stew simmered for hours with cumin, star anise, and Sichuan peppercorns. Served with chunks of flatbread that soak up the deeply flavorful broth. A hearty meal for colder days.

Rich Hearty Winter Warmer

"This lesser-known cousin of paomo features tender mutton pieces swimming in a rich, aromatic broth. The bread soaks up all the flavors and becomes the best part of the dish."

Breads & Baked Goods

Empress Dowager Cake

Empress Dowager Cake

A traditional Xi'an pastry with a flaky, multi-layered crust and a savory filling. The cake is cooked using a unique combination of slow-frying and baking, resulting in a crispy exterior and a soft, aromatic interior.

Sweet Flaky Historical

"The unique cooking process of Empress Dowager Cake gives it an unforgettable taste and texture."

$1-2 per piece Where to try
Thousand-Layered Oil Cake

Thousand-Layered Oil Cake

A crispy, flaky flatbread made by repeatedly rolling and folding dough with oil, creating dozens of paper-thin layers. Each bite delivers a satisfying crunch with a hint of sesame and salt.

Vegetarian Snack

"The layers of the Thousand - Layered Oil Cake are so delicate and add a wonderful crunch."

$1-1.5 per piece Where to try

Desserts & Sweets

Crystal Cake

Crystal Cake (Shuijing Bing)

A well-known traditional Xi'an dessert with a thin, crispy crust and a sweet, soft filling made from sugar, nuts, and rose petals. Its semi-transparent appearance gives it a crystal-like allure.

Vegetarian Dessert

"The sweet aroma of the rose petals in the Crystal Cake is simply delightful, and the texture is a perfect balance of crunch and softness."

$1-1.5 per piece Where to try
Qin Pastry

Qin Pastry (Qin Su)

A classic dessert with a long-standing history in the region, featuring a flaky, multi-layered crust and a sweet filling often made from red bean paste, nuts, or jujube. Each bite reveals a rich and complex flavor.

Vegetarian Dessert

"The layers of the Qin Pastry are incredibly buttery and flaky, and the filling adds a burst of sweetness."

$1-2 per piece Where to try

Vegetarian Options

Xi'an has a surprising number of vegetarian-friendly dishes. Many noodle dishes like Biang Biang noodles can be made without meat by requesting the vegetarian version. Dishes like Liangpi cold noodles, Crystal Cake, and Thousand-Layered Oil Cake are naturally vegetarian. The Muslim Quarter also offers many vegetable-based snacks and sides. Look for Buddhist vegetarian restaurants near temples for dedicated plant-based menus.

Halal Food

The Muslim Quarter is the center of halal dining in Xi'an, with hundreds of stalls and restaurants serving halal-certified food. All meat in this area is halal, and you'll find an abundance of lamb and beef dishes. Popular halal dishes include roujiamo (made with beef), chuan'r lamb skewers, and paomo lamb soup. Most restaurants in the Muslim Quarter are clearly marked and run by Hui Muslim families who have maintained these food traditions for generations.

Gluten-Free Guide

Xi'an's cuisine is heavily wheat-based, so gluten-free dining can be challenging but not impossible. Rice-based dishes like liangpi (cold rice noodles) are naturally gluten-free when prepared traditionally. Grilled meat skewers (chuan'r) without the bread are a safe option. Many restaurants can accommodate dietary restrictions if you communicate clearly. It's helpful to carry a Chinese gluten-free dining card to show restaurant staff. Look for dishes featuring rice, tofu, eggs, and vegetables.

Learn to Cook Xi'an Cuisine

Take home more than just memories—bring Xi'an's flavors to your own kitchen

Cooking Class

Hands-On Cooking Experiences

Xi'an offers several cooking classes where you can learn to make local specialties from experienced chefs. Most classes include a market tour, hands-on cooking, and of course, eating your creations!

Market to Table

Start with a guided tour of a local market to select fresh ingredients, then learn to prepare 3-4 classic Xi'an dishes.

Noodle Pulling Workshop

Master the art of hand-pulled noodles with specialized workshops focused on biang biang noodles and other local varieties.

Home Cooking Experience

Join a local family in their home to learn family recipes passed down through generations.

Book a Cooking Class

Try at Home: Roujiamo Recipe

Roujiamo
Prep Time:30 minutes
Cook Time:2 hours
Servings:4
Difficulty:Medium

Ingredients

For the Meat Filling:
  • 500g pork belly (or beef chuck), cut into chunks
  • 2 tbsp cooking oil
  • 2 star anise
  • 1 cinnamon stick
  • 3 bay leaves
  • 1 tbsp Sichuan peppercorns
  • 3 cloves garlic, smashed
  • 1-inch piece ginger, sliced
  • 2 tbsp soy sauce
  • 1 tbsp dark soy sauce
  • 2 tbsp Shaoxing wine
  • 1 tsp sugar
  • 1/2 tsp salt
  • 2 cups water
For the Flatbread:
  • 300g all-purpose flour
  • 150ml warm water
  • 1/2 tsp salt
  • 1 tbsp cooking oil

Instructions

  1. Prepare the meat: Heat oil in a large pot over medium heat. Add star anise, cinnamon, bay leaves, and Sichuan peppercorns, stir until fragrant (about 30 seconds).
  2. Brown the meat: Add meat chunks and brown on all sides (about 5 minutes).
  3. Add aromatics and liquids: Add garlic, ginger, both soy sauces, Shaoxing wine, sugar, salt, and water. Bring to a boil, then reduce heat to low.
  4. Simmer: Cover and simmer for 1.5-2 hours until meat is very tender and can be easily shredded with a fork.
  5. Shred the meat: Remove meat from liquid, shred with two forks, then return to the pot and simmer uncovered for 15 minutes until sauce thickens.
  6. Make the dough: Mix flour, salt, and warm water until a dough forms. Knead for 5 minutes until smooth. Cover with a damp cloth and rest for 30 minutes.
  7. Form flatbreads: Divide dough into 4 equal pieces. Roll each into a circle about 6 inches in diameter.
  8. Cook flatbreads: Heat a dry skillet over medium heat. Cook each flatbread for 2-3 minutes per side until golden brown spots appear.
  9. Assemble: Split each flatbread open (but not all the way through). Fill with the shredded meat mixture and optional chopped cilantro or green onions.
  10. Serve: Enjoy while hot! The bread should be crispy outside and soft inside, with juicy, flavorful meat.

Chef's Tips

  • For authentic flavor, use a mix of fatty and lean meat.
  • Don't rush the simmering process—the longer and slower the meat cooks, the more tender it will be.
  • If you can't find Shaoxing wine, dry sherry is a good substitute.
  • The flatbread should be slightly thicker than a tortilla but thinner than naan.

Xi'an Food Map

Explore the best food spots across the city with our interactive map

Xi'an Food Map

Map Legend

Street Food Areas
Local Favorites
Famous Establishments

Guided Food Tours

Let local experts guide you through Xi'an's culinary landscape

Muslim Quarter Food Tour

Muslim Quarter Evening Food Tour

Bestseller

Experience the vibrant night market of the Muslim Quarter with a local guide who will introduce you to the best street food stalls and explain the history behind each dish.

3 hours | Evening tour
8+ food tastings included
Noodle Tour

Xi'an Noodle Expedition

New

Dedicated to Xi'an's famous noodle varieties, this tour takes you to specialist restaurants to try different types of hand-pulled and cut noodles, including the famous Biang Biang.

4 hours | Lunch tour
5 noodle varieties + sides
Breakfast Tour

Morning Market & Breakfast Tour

Family Friendly

Start your day like a local! Visit a traditional morning market, sample Xi'an breakfast specialties, and learn about the ingredients used in local cuisine.

3 hours | 7:30 AM start
6+ breakfast items included

What We Keep Going Back For

The dishes we order every time we visit the Muslim Quarter — and where to find them

Biang Biang Noodles

We've eaten these hand-pulled, belt-wide noodles across Xi'an, and the version in the Muslim Quarter's side alleys is consistently the best. Watch the chef slap the dough on the counter before it goes into the boiling water — it's half the show.

Roujiamo

The "Chinese hamburger" is at its best in the morning, when the bread is still crisp from the oven and the braised meat is warm. The century-old stalls near the Drum Tower sell out by early afternoon — go early.

Yangrou Paomo

Tearing the bread into peanut-sized pieces is the ritual that makes this dish — and the staff at the old restaurants in Beiyuanmen will quietly correct you if you tear it too big. A bowl runs ¥25–45 and it will keep you full for a day.

Xi'an Food Stories

In-depth stories behind each dish — read the full articles on Xi'an Notes.

Biang Biang Noodles Liangpi (Cold Skin Noodles) Yangrou Paomo (Lamb & Bread Soup) Roujiamo (Chinese Hamburger) Chuan (Grilled Skewers) Hulatang (Pepper Soup) Tieguo Dun (Iron-Pot Stew) Qin Su (Qin Crispy Pastry) Shuijing Bing (Crystal Cakes) Thousand-Layer Flaky Bread Taihou Bing (Empress Dowager Cakes) Shi Bing (Persimmon Cakes) Jiucai Hezi (Chive Boxes)

All food stories

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